Approximately 80% of menopausal women experience symptoms. While a quarter of those are thought to have severe symptoms, only a small proportion of menopausal women currently take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Symptoms of the menopause last far longer than most women anticipate. Frequent menopausal vasomotor symptoms, including night sweats and hot flushes, persist in more than half of women for more than seven years.
HRT is an effective treatment for the typical menopause-related symptoms. There are also other long-term health problems associated with the menopause - the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and stroke all increase after the menopause. HRT can also have a positive influence on these health problems.
This article discusses HRT in detail. The separate article discusses menopausal symptoms, differential diagnosis and possible investigations (although the diagnosis is usually clinically based on the typical symptoms). It also discusses health problems associated with the menopause and gives an overview of management. See also separate, and articles. Indications for hormone replacement therapy Current guidelines advise that HRT should be considered for troublesome vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women without contra-indications and after individualised discussion of likely risks and benefits. Starting HRT in women over the age of 60 years is generally not recommended. For women with premature (age.
Benefits of hormone replacement therapy The benefits of HRT outweigh the risks for many women aged under 60 years ,. Benefits of HRT include: Reduction in vasomotor symptoms. HRT is the most effective treatment at reducing vasomotor symptoms.
Vasomotor symptoms are usually improved within four weeks of starting treatment and maximal benefit is gained by three months. There has been shown to be a significant mean reduction in the frequency of hot flushes by around 18 a week and in the severity of hot flushes by 87% compared with placebo. Improvement in quality of life HRT can also improve sleep, muscle aches and pains and quality of life in symptomatic women. Improvement in mood changes.
HRT can improve mood and also depressive symptoms. HRT should be considered to alleviate low mood that arises as a result of the menopause. Cognitive behavioural therapy may be beneficial too.
Improvement of urogenital symptoms. Various studies have shown that HRT significantly improves vaginal dryness and sexual function. HRT is effective in improving the symptoms related to vaginal atrophy. HRT can also relieve the symptoms of urinary frequency, as it has a proliferative effect on the bladder and urethral epithelium. Topical oestrogen is effective in improving urinary symptoms in menopausal women. Vaginal symptoms are improved, vaginal atrophy and pH decrease and there is improved epithelial maturation with topical oestrogen preparations compared to placebo or non-hormonal gels. Reduction in osteoporosis risk.
Oestrogens are the most effective way of increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and also preventing osteoporotic fractures in women. HRT is the first-line treatment for the prevention and management of osteoporosis in women with menopausal symptoms who are under the age of 50 years.
HRT should be considered in those women at high risk of fracture if there are no contra-indications to HRT. The bone protection qualities of HRT are dose-related.
However, even low doses of oestrogen give some bone protection. HRT rapidly normalises turnover and preserves BMD at all skeletal sites, leading to a significant reduction in vertebral and non-vertebral fractures ,.
Women taking HRT have a significantly decreased incidence of fractures with long-term use. Although bone density declines after discontinuation of HRT, some studies have demonstrated that women who take HRT for a few years around the time of the menopause may have a long-term protective effect for many years after stopping HRT.
Reduction in cardiovascular disease. The relation between HRT and cardiovascular disease is controversial but the timing and duration of HRT, as well as pre-existing cardiovascular disease, are likely to affect outcomes. Taking HRT can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Taking HRT has been shown to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease by around 50%, if it is started within ten years of the menopause. Generally, oestrogens have favourable effects, raising HDL-cholesterol levels and lowering LDL-cholesterol levels. Progestogens are either neutral or oppose oestrogen effects, depending on their dose and androgenicity. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) states that HRT does not increase cardiovascular risk when started in women aged under 60 years and does not affect the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.
The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is not a contra-indication to HRT, as long as any risk factors are optimally managed. Lower risk of colorectal cancer. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial showed that colorectal cancer risk was reduced in women taking combined conjugated equine oestrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The use of oestrogen alone in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy has not been shown to influence the incidence of colorectal cancer.
Other studies have demonstrated a reduction in risk of colorectal cancer with use of oral combined HRT. Other benefits. HRT has a positive effect on collagen as well as bone. Taking HRT leads to a decreased osteoclastic resorption. There is evidence to support the beneficial effects of HRT on the maintenance and enhancement of muscle mass, strength and connective tissue in women.
Both systemic and topical oestrogens have positive effects on hormonal ageing, increasing skin collagen content, thickness, elasticity and hydration. HRT may also improve wound healing and reduce the incidence of wound complications. There is a possible reduction in the long-term risk of Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia in those women who take HRT. Women with migraines often find their migraines worsen during their menopause. The hormonal fluctuations which are attributable to this can be stabilised with HRT, often leading to improvements in their migraine symptoms.
Transdermal preparations are preferable for these women. Risks associated with hormone replacement therapy The principal risks of HRT are thromboembolic disease (venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism), stroke, breast and endometrial cancer, and gallbladder disease. Large studies, including the WHI and the Million Women Study (MWS), raised concerns and controversy over the use of HRT ,. However, data accumulated from the WHI and other studies over a period of a decade have shown that, in women with symptoms or other indications, initiating HRT near menopause usually provides a favourable benefit:risk ratio. Ellen fein divorce. VTE. The type, dose and delivery system of both oestrogen and progestogen influence the risk of thromboembolic disease. Oral HRT (combined oestrogen and progestogen, and oestrogen-only) increases the risk of VTE.
The risk of VTE is increased two to three times with oral HRT. These risks increase with age and with other risk factors, such as obesity, previous thromboembolic disease, smoking and immobility. In healthy women aged under 60 years, the absolute risk of thromboembolic disease is low and mortality risks from VTE are low. Transdermal HRT should be given for those women with an increased risk of VTE. Stroke The risk of ischaemic (but not haemorrhagic) stroke :. It is associated with a small increased risk in women taking oral oestrogen-only or combined HRT.
There is no evidence that transdermal preparations are associated with an increased risk of stroke. The effects of HRT on stroke may be dose-related and so the lowest effective dose should be prescribed in women who have signficant risk factors for stroke. Tibolone increases the risk of stroke in women aged over 60 years. Breast cancer. Data regarding the true effect of HRT on the incidence of breast cancer are still contentious.
Some studies have failed to demonstrate any increased risk of breast cancer with HRT. Combined HRT increases the risk of breast cancer. However, the absolute risk is small at around one extra case of breast cancer per 1,000 women each year.
This increased risk:. Is greatest in lean women (BMI. Investigations before starting hormone replacement therapy Investigations are not usually necessary before starting HRT unless:. There is sudden change in menstrual pattern, intermenstrual bleeding, postcoital bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding - refer for endometrial assessment. There is a personal or family history of VTE - a haematology opinion may be helpful. There is a high risk of breast cancer - consider mammography or MRI scan; refer to NICE guidance on familial breast cancer.
The woman has arterial disease or risk factors for arterial disease - consider checking lipid profile. Prescribing hormone replacement therapy It is important that an individualised approach is undertaken at all stages of diagnosis, investigation and management of menopause. The dose, regimen and duration of HRT need to be individualised.
There is no maximum duration of time for women to take HRT. Discussion with women who continue to have symptoms generally show their benefits from HRT usually outweigh any risks. Systemic HRT should not be arbitrarily stopped at age 65 years; instead treatment duration should be individualised based on patients' risk profiles and personal preference. Micronised progesterone is a natural, 'body-identical' progestogen, devoid of any androgenic as well as glucocorticoid activities but being slightly hypotensive due to anti-mineralocorticoid activity. It may be the optimal progestogen in terms of cardiovascular effects, blood pressure, VTE, probably stroke and even breast cancer but this evidence is only from observational studies.
There is only one currently available to prescribe in the UK. As transdermal oestrogen is associated with fewer risks than oral HRT, a transdermal route may be preferable for many women. This route is also advantageous for women with diabetes, history of VTE and also those with thyroid disorders. In addition, transdermal HRT is preferable to those women with a history of migraine or gallbladder problems. Which preparation - cyclical or continuous systemic or local?.
Women should be prescribed sequential combined HRT if:. Their last menstrual period was less than one year previously.
Women can be prescribed continuous combined HRT if:. They have received sequential combined HRT for at least one year; or. It has been at least one year since their last menstrual period; or.
It has been at least two years since their last menstrual period if they had a premature menopause. If bleeding is heavy or irregular on sequential combined HRT then the dose of progestogen can be doubled or increased in duration to 21 days. Erratic bleeding can be common in the first 3-6 months after starting HRT.
Women with persistent vaginal bleeding after six months of starting HRT need to have further investigations. Women with progestogen side-effects (eg, fluid retention, mood swings, weight gain) can have the progestogen dose halved or the duration of taking progestogen reduced to 7-10 days. Fewer progesteronic side-effects occur with micronised progesterone and dydrogesterone.
The intrauterine system (IUS) can be used as an alternative for endometrial protection. Its licence for this use is four years. Drospirenone has anti-androgenic and anti-mineralocorticoid properties. Topical oestrogen is advisable as first-line for women with. However, around 10-25% of women still have symptoms with topical oestrogen so will require HRT in addition. Which delivery route? Delivery routes include:.
Continuous or cyclical oral therapy. Creams or gels. Nasal sprays. Local devices such as the progestogen-releasing IUS. The oestrogen-releasing vaginal ring.
The choice of delivery route depends partly on patient preference but there are also other advantages to certain delivery routes. By avoiding the first pass metabolism through the liver, non-oral preparations (ie patches or gels):. Have less effect on clotting factors. Reduce triglycerides. Are are often more suitable for:. Women who experience side-effects such as nausea with oral preparations. Women with liver disease or gallstones.
Women with a history of malabsorption. Women who are at risk of thrombosis.
Women with diabetes. Women with a BMI 30 kg/m 2. Women taking enzyme-inducing drugs.
Those women with a history of migraines (the bolus effects of oral medication can trigger migraines in some women). Other considerations. Low-dose vaginal oestrogen (tablet, cream, pessary, or vaginal ring) may be preferred if symptoms are primarily urogenital. The levonorgestrel-releasing IUS plus oestrogen component may be used if:. Progestogen side-effects are experienced with other progestogen preparations and delivery routes. Contraception is still needed.
There is persistent heavy bleeding on cyclical combined HRT and normal investigations. The progesterone component of HRT may be progesterone or a progestogen (which binds to the progesterone receptor). Some observational studies have shown that HRT containing micronised progesterone or dydrogesterone may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events. Tibolone.
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Tibolone is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which combines oestrogenic and progestogenic activity with weak androgenic activity. It can be used in women with an intact uterus who have had no bleeding for more than one year, without the need for cyclical progestogen. Randomised controlled trials suggest it may be helpful in improving sexual function and vasomotor symptoms.
There may be a small increased risk of stroke, endometrial cancer and breast cancer (including breast cancer recurrence) with tibolone. Tibolone is less effective than combined HRT in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Side-effects of HRT. Oestrogen: breast tenderness, leg cramps, bloating, nausea, headaches. Progestogen: premenstrual syndrome-like symptoms, breast tenderness, backache, depression, pelvic pain.
Bleeding: monthly sequential preparations should produce regular, predictable and acceptable bleeds starting towards the end, or soon after, the progestogen phase. Breakthrough bleeding is common in the first 3-6 months of continuous combined and long-cycle HRT regimens. See separate article for a discussion of how to manage these side-effects. Starting hormone replacement therapy See separate article.
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Follow-up of a woman taking hormone replacement therapy. The separate article gives advice about following up women taking HRT and when to stop HRT.
Initial follow-up after starting HRT should occur at about three months. Most symptoms are likely to have responded to oestrogen in this time period and any residual problems may require alternative management. Frequency of follow-up thereafter is controversial and not evidence-based. Drug manufacturers vary in their recommendations but consensus appears to be a minimum of annual checks. Hormone replacement therapy and contraception. HRT is not a contraceptive and a woman is considered potentially fertile for two years after her last menstrual period if she is aged under 50 years and for one year if she is aged over 50 years. For many women oestrogen HRT and an IUS are an optimal combination.
Alternatively, the progestogen-only contraceptive pill can be given to women who are taking cyclical combined HRT. Women aged 50 years and over should not be prescribed the combined oral contraceptive pill. See separate article.; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on Menopause - 2017 Update. Endocr Pract. 2017 Jul23(7):869-880.
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Epub 2015 Apr 7.; Oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy: relative and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other health outcomes. Ann Epidemiol. 2015 Mar25(3):193-200. Doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.004.
Epub 2014 Nov 13.; Hormone replacement therapy. 2012 Feb 16344:e763. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.e763.; Hormone therapy for reproductive depression in women. Post Reprod Health. 2014 Dec20(4):132-7. Doi: 10.11114557883.
Epub 2014 Nov 14.; Treating vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause: how important is vaginal lubricant and moisturizer composition? 2015 Dec 26:1-11.; The urogenital system and the menopause. 2015 Oct18 Suppl 1:18-22. Doi: 10.317.20.; Long-term menopausal hormone therapy and health consequences - how to choose sides? Doi: 10.317.20.
Epub 2015 May 11.; Hormone replacement therapy and the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Prz Menopauzalny. 2014 Sep13(4):213-20. Doi: 10.5114/pm.2014.44996. Epub 2014 Sep 9.; Estrogen and bone health in men and women. 2015 Jul99(Pt A):11-5.
Doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.010. Epub 2014 Dec 30.; Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 117:CD004143. Doi: 10.108.CD004143.pub4.; Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects on bone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study.
2004 Apr34(4):728-35.; Women-specific factors to consider in risk, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2015 Mar11(2):239-57. Doi: 10.2217/whe.14.64.; Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with hormone replacement therapy. Doi: 10.317.20. Epub 2015 Apr 16.; Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial.
2012 Oct 9345:e6409. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.e6409.; Lipids and cardiovascular disease: do the findings and therapy apply equally to men and women? Womens Health Issues. 1992 Summer2(2):102-11.; Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. 2002 Jul 17288(3):321-33.; Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. 2015 Sep 15121(18):3261-71. Doi: 10.1002/cncr.29464.
Maximum The Hormone Mp3
Epub 2015 Jun 2.; The influence of hormone therapies on colon and rectal cancer. Eur J Epidemiol.; Altered distributions of bone tissue mineral and collagen properties in women with fragility fractures. Pii: S8756-323-2. Doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.012.; Estrogen replacement and skeletal muscle: mechanisms and population health. J Appl Physiol (1985).
2013 Sep 1115(5):569-78. Doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol. Epub 2013 Jul 18.; Postmenopausal skin and estrogen. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Oct28 Suppl 2:2-6. Epub 2012 Aug 1.; Influences of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory and cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Neurobiol Aging.
2015 Jun36(6):2053-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.028. Epub 2015 Mar 10.; Migraine and perimenopause. 2014 Aug78(4):277-80. Doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.018.
Epub 2014 Jun 2.; Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. 2003 Aug 9362(9382):419-27.; Short and long term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women.
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Doi: 10.317.20.; Hormone metabolism pathway genes and mammographic density change after quitting estrogen and progestin combined hormone therapy in the California Teachers Study. Breast Cancer Res. 2014 Dec 1116(6):477. Doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0477-8.; Hormone Replacement Therapy, Likely Neither Angel Nor Demon. 2015 Sep 1810(9):e0138556. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138556. ECollection 2015.; Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies.
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Next Review 28 January 2023. Document ID 485 (v10). Author. Peer reviewer Dr Jacqueline Payne Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Patient Platform Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our.
You are here: What Hormones are Used?. What Hormones Are Used in HRT? HRT typically includes some type of, and, if a woman has an intact uterus, natural progesterone or, more commonly, a (a drug with progesterone-like actions on the uterus) to prevent endometrial cancer. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) refers to taking some form of estrogen alone. Estrogen taken by itself is also referred to as unopposed estrogen—meaning that no progesterone or progestin is taken to counteract the effects of estrogen on the uterus. Unopposed estrogen can cause endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus). ERT is an option mainly for women who have had a hysterectomy (removal of the ).
Women with symptoms during perimenopause might decide to take low-dose birth control pills (which contain both estrogen and progestin). Some women may benefit from taking natural progesterone alone, or progesterone combined with a low dose of estrogen.
A low-dose estrogen patch works particularly well to provide a steady amount of estrogen, preventing the wide swings in estrogen levels that many women experience during perimenopause. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study This major federally funded study included an HRT component that compared Prempro (pills containing conjugated equine estrogens, or Premarin, and medroxyprogesterone, a progestin) to placebo. The WHI study was stopped 3 years early in July 2002 due to the finding of an increased risk of breast cancer in the women taking Prempro. In addition, the study found that the women taking Prempro had more heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots than those taking the placebo pills.
However, study results also suggest that the therapy reduced the risk of colorectal cancer and bone fractures. An estrogen-only (using Premarin) arm of the study is continuing.
For more information about the WHI study along with updated HRT recommendations, visit How Is HRT Taken? Conventional hormone replacement drugs In the United States, the most frequently prescribed estrogen product for HRT is conjugated equine (horse) estrogens (brand name Premarin).
The most frequently prescribed progestin for HRT is medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Bio-identical hormones COMPOUNDED There are many alternatives to conventional drug products, including which are identical in chemical structure to the hormones naturally produced by our bodies. This type of HRT is referred to as natural hormone replacement therapy,. NHRT is available both in brand-name products and from compounding pharmacies, which can supply any of the bio-identical hormones alone or combine them into one dose in the form desired (e.g, sublingual tablets, oil caps, or cream). HRT is usually taken in one of two regimens:. Cyclical, or cyclical combined, HRT: estrogen is usually taken every day of the month, and progestin/progesterone is added for only part of each month.
This is also referred to as a. It is meant to mimic the natural menstrual cycle and typically causes bleeding similar to a period after the progestin/progesterone is stopped. Continuous, or continuous combined, HRT: estrogen and progestin/progesterone are both taken every day.
While there is usually no 'period,' some spotting or bleeding may occur occasionally, especially in the years right after menopause. Spotting or bleeding can sometimes be corrected by adjusting the dose, the regimen, or the type of hormone products used.
Sometimes other schedules, such as continuous estrogen with intermittent progestin/progesterone, are used. Your healthcare provider can help you decide what regimen is right for you. Dosages prescribed for ERT, HRT and NHRT vary and can be adjusted to meet a womans specific needs.
Relatively low doses of estrogen and estrogen/progestin have been found to be effective for treating symptoms of menopause and can also maintain bone density. Low doses of estrogen found to be effective in recent studies include, for example, doses of conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin) as low as.3 mg (compared to the 'standard' dose of.625 mg) alone or combined with a reduced dose of progestin; doses of oral estradiol as low as.25 mg; and a transdermal patch dose of.025 micrograms. Using lower doses of estrogens and progestins also reduces side effects from the drugs. There are dozens of possible ways to take HRT, and ideally, hormone therapy should be tailored to your particular needs. Talk with your healthcare provider to learn more about HRT benefits and risks in order to choose what options might be right for you. A is also able to answer questions regarding hormones and HRT. Alarming News!
- FDA Bans Estriol The FDA announced on January 9, 2008 that the hormone can no longer be used in estrogen medications customized for women by compounding pharmacies. Estriol is a component of 90 percent or more of these customized preparations. Monday, 14th January, 2008 excerpt from: Doctors condemn FDA decision to ban estriol following pressure from drug lobby 'The FDA claims that it is taking estriol off the market because it is not a component of any FDA approved drug, despite the fact that the hormone has been used for decades without problems. Estriol has a long standing United States Pharmacopoeia monograph, an accepted standard for drug ingredients absent significant health risks.
Other common drugs that are not components of FDA approved drugs include aspirin. 'The FDA action is in response to a 'citizen petition' filed by the giant drug maker Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Wyeth is the maker of Premarin and Prempro, two hormone treatments for women that have been linked to cancer, heart disease and stroke by a 2002 Women's Health Initiative, National Institute of Health (NIH) study. Millions of women have discontinued taking Wyeth's hormone products as a result of the WHI study, which was halted because of the serious health risks that were discovered in 2002. 'The FDA has succumbed to pressure from Wyeth in its attempt to clear the market of safer alternatives to its unsafe products,' said Erika Schwartz, M.D., a co-founder of BHI, the Bioidentical Hormone Initiative, a not-for-profit medical organization comprised of conventionally trained, practicing physicians who have successfully treated patients with bioidentical hormones for years.
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'The FDA should protect the interest of women, not the profits of Wyeth.' The campaign to discredit compounded bioidentical hormones enrages physicians. January 14, 2008 excerpt from: The BHI physicians, a coalition of gynecologists, internists, allergists, ER physicians and general practitioners who do not have a direct financial stake in the issue and who bring valuable and insightful information, provide a review of the medical literature demonstrating how natural hormones are superior to their synthetic counterparts. 'The conclusion is clear that bio-identical hormones are a safe alternative to Premarin and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), marketed as Provera. The natural bio-identical hormones are very different from their synthetic versions, often having completely opposite physical and cellular effects. 'Thus, it is critical that women be given the information that these natural hormones do not have the negative side effects of the synthetic hormones and in no way pertain to the conclusions reached by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study.
Natural hormones are a safe and more conservative approach to hormone replacement therapy that does not carry the risks associated with Premarin and Provera. 'There are no legitimate medical, scientific or legal reasons for the FDA to take this action,' said Dr. 'It would require countless women to return to their doctors and alter the medications they have used both safely and effectively for years. If the FDA has its way, since estriol is available in Europe, a woman will need a passport, not a prescription to get her medication. 'The citizen petition filed by Wyeth with the FDA requested that estriol be removed from the market, along with other requests to remove customized medications that compete with their flawed products. The petition created a tremendous backlash from women, doctors and pharmacists.
Over 77,000 comments, a near record, were filed with the FDA in response to the petition, all but a handful opposing Wyeth's request. 'The few comments in support of the Wyeth petition were filed mostly by organizations with substantial financial ties to Wyeth,' said Dr. 'The FDA has chosen to protect Wyeth's wealth rather than women's health. This is a shameful act for this agency to take.” IF THIS ISSUE IS IMPORTANT TO YOU On January 9, 2008, FDA took action to impose harmful restrictions on the compounding and dispensing of bio-identical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), specifically compounded medicines containing the drug estriol. This action has critical implications for pharmacists, patients and physicians.
You can learn more about the problem from the compounding pharmacists' point of view by clicking. Should you care to oppose the FDA's Action to Restrict BHRT, to visit a website that provides more information and ways to take action. Please read on. What Hormones Are Used in HRT? And How Is HRT Taken?
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The hormone patch is a unique female contraception method. It is very easy to use and is without any hassles. Once worn, this patch lasts for three weeks. It also has minimum side effects. Read on to know if hormone patch is ideal for you to prevent unwanted pregnancies.The hormone patch looks like a 2” x 2” band aid. This is a unique female contraceptive method that works in a similar manner as a birth control pill.
The difference is that here, the skin actively absorbs the hormonal dosage. Experts say that the absorption is almost 60% higher compared to the birth control pills. This translates in to about 35ug of the essential estrogen hormone.Like all other female contraceptive methods, it is important that the hormonal patch is used properly in order to receive the maximum benefit in the effective prevention of accidental or unwanted pregnancies.
The onus primarily lies on the health care practitioner who has to prescribe the patch after taking into due consideration conditions like irregular periods, cramps suffered by some women during periods and/or endometriosis.How Does the Hormonal Patch Work?The patch constitutes of two female hormones namely, estrogen and progestin. The patch needs to be placed on the skin whereby, the hormones get absorbed automatically through the pores of the skin. It enters the blood stream of the woman and makes its way to the pituitary gland. It causes the suppression of the pituitary gland that in turn prevents the ovaries from the usual release of the eggs. When the eggs are not released, pregnancy is naturally avoided.The patch also renders an impact on the uterus of the woman. It brings about an alteration in the lining of the uterus and the mucus that is present inside the cervix.
When the constitution of the cervical mucus changes, fertilisation is prevented as the sperms are not able to reach the egg.How Much is it Effective?As said earlier, the effectiveness is dependent on its correct usage. Researchers have found it to be 99% effective. However, there are certain points that one needs to be understood. It has been found that women who have over 2000 pound body weight may not obtain the desired results from this female contraceptive option. They need to consult the health care provider for appropriate options.Which Part of the Body is Best for the Patch?There is no hard and fast rule and the patch can be worn on any part of the body. Women prefer to wear it on the skin of their buttocks, abdomen or the upper back or outside part of her upper arm.
It needs to be left there for seven days. And the location of the patch can be changed every week.How is it Worn?The process is just like one would wear a band aid. The area on the skin where the patch will be worn must be clean and dry. There should not be any left-over lotion or cream on that spot.The foil package should be opened in hygienic conditions.The patch is enveloped in a clear plastic that needs to be removed with dry hands.The patch then needs to be firmly pressed on the skin for 10 seconds so that it sticks properly.How is the Patch Removed?One corner of the patch should be lifted and gently pulled back till it gets detached from the skin.While throwing it away, one must be particular in folding it into half so that the patch sticks to itself. This is because; there is still some residue hormones left behind in that patch.The skin might have a bit of sticky adhesive that can be removed by rubbing some baby oil with a cotton pad.Side Effects of Hormone PatchIn some cases, there can be instances of irregular menstruation, tenderness in breast, cramps, headache, and nausea or skin irritation.
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In most cases, these are just the initial symptoms that go away after a continued usage as the body adapts to the estrogen hormone supply.Patches cannot be used on women who have a history of acute migraine attacks, high BP and blood clot problems.
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